Phytoremediation of lead using PLANTs in lead-contaminated soils is a new and safe environmental technology. By adding chelators and increasing PLANT extraction, the efficiency of this technology can be increased. In this regard, we evaluated the effect of adding EDTA chelates to lead-contaminated soils to investigate the amount of lead accumulation in a MEDICINAL PLANT, Calendula officinalis. We designed a factorial experiment in the form of a completely randomized, with three replicates in pots and two factors including EDTA at two levels (0, 50 mg kg-1) and lead at four levels (0, 30, 90, and 270 mg kg-1). In this PLANT, the accumulation of lead was accompanied by an increase in the amount of lead in the soil due to the addition of EDTA to the soil. The results showed that EDTA significantly increased the lead translocation of lead from roots to the aerial part of the PLANT.Total Chl. and shoot dry weight decrease significantly in EDTA treatment than control specific at a high level of Pb in the soil. Also, the results showed that EDTA increased lead removal from soil to soil solution and increased lead translocation from roots to the aerial part of the PLANT of Calendula officinalis. In general, the results of this research showed that with the careful management and EDTA use in lead extraction, it has provided a cost-effective and safe environmentally strategy.

MEDICINAL PLANTs contain active ingredients in one or some of their organs. Squalene is one of the active ingredients that prevent heart attacks and cardiovascular diseases and protect the body from some cancers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of squalene in a number of MEDICINAL PLANTs. In this experiment, the PLANT oils were extracted and measured using Bligh & Dyer with minor changes. TLC (thin layer chromatography) was used to identify squalene. Comparison of TLC of standard squalene with TLC of the investigated MEDICINAL PLANT samples showed that Caryophillium aromaticus, Descurainia sophia, Portulaca Oleracea, Papaver somniferum and Nigella Sativa contained squalene. Although the percentage of Papaver somniferum and Nigella Sativa seed oil was higher than other MEDICINAL PLANTs, the squalane spot of clove PLANT had a higher intensity of color and this indicates a higher concentration of squalene in this PLANT.

Middle Asia is one of the major centers of origin and diversity of the family Apiaceae. Secretory system and other anatomical peculiarities of many endemic Apiaceae are still poorly investigated. Comparative anatomical study of PLANT secretory structures has a great theoretical and practical importance in relation to taxonomy, ecology and pharmacology. The paper provides the results of structural investigation of the secretory system of five endemic and MEDICINAL species of Apiaceae from Middle Asia (Sphaerosciadium denaense, Ferula foetida, F. varia, F. kyzylkumica, Dorema sabulosum). It was revealed that different representatives of the family Apiaceae growing in various habitats have a secretory system represented with terpenoid keeping schizogenous secretory ducts. Desert PLANTs (F. foetida, F. varia, F. kyzylkumica, D. sabulosum) have larger secretory ducts producing more of terpenoids, than a mesophilous relic mountain species S. denaense. The most characteristic structural features of secretory system of S. denaense are small diameter of lumen, small epithelial cells, and the absence of ducts around the xylem of the medullary bundles in the stem and petioles. The structural features of secretory system are specific to each of the investigated PLANTs. The topography and dimensions of secretory ducts are a diagnostic character applied in species identification.

Most of the MEDICINAL PLANTs belong to the genera of Apiaceae, which are cultivated in Iran in countlessvarieties. Eryngium caeruleum is a herbaceous, monocarpic PLANT and one of the most important species of Apiaceaefamily, which is used as a local vegetable with MEDICINAL and aromatic properties. Eryngium caeruleum vegetable, which is called Chuchagh (Chochag or Anarchoqaq) in Gilaki language and Zelang or Zolang in Mazandaran language, is a type of edible vegetable of the celery family that grows in the north of Iran and its Persian name is sixhorns. In Shaheswar city vegetable Eryngium caeruleum is called Sheshak and in Ramsar city it is called Shoshak (actually six horns). This PLANT has phenolic compoundssuch as phenolic acids, flavonoids and tannins, which areknown as the most important natural antioxidants. The antioxidant activity of this MEDICINAL PLANT is high and it hasbeen determined that the methanolic extract of Eryngium caeruleum leaves has a favorable activity, the reason of which depends on its high phenolic and flavonoid content. As we know, the presence of antioxidants in the diet is very important. Eryngium caeruleum is one of the MEDICINAL PLANTs with unknown potentials that is being forgotten. This PLANT has many uses, such as vegetable growing, flowergrowing, and medicine, which can play an important role in the health of people, as well as creating employment in rural communities, if it is scientifically recognized, cultivated, developed, and used correctly. In this article, theintroduction of this MEDICINAL PLANT, its active ingredientsand its numerous uses are discussed.